ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

Brief summary: In this study, 10 145 children of 1–8 years of age, selected from a prospective systematic cohort study and stratified according to HLA-risk categories for type-1-diabetes (T1D), underwent a combined evaluation of pancreatic autoimmunity, glucose metabolism and anthropometry at different timeframes. Diagnosis of T1D occurred in 131/10,145 children (1.3%). Faster height growth, both before and after age 3 years, was significantly associated with the appearan...

In Brief: The authors use cell-tracing of Axin2-positive chondroprogenitor cells in the resting zone during and after food restriction to demonstrate that nutrient availability influences the balance between accumulation and differentiation of resting zone chondrocytes and that this is influenced by Igf-1.Commentary: Catch-up growth is the rapid growth that occurs after growth-inhibiting conditions have been cured or removed. The molecular mechanism for ...

Brief summary: This randomized, controlled study in healthy-weight individuals examined the effect of a daily high-fat/high-sugar (HF/HS) intervention over 8 weeks on fat and sugar preference, alterations of brain response to food and sensory associative learning. It addressed the question, whether the association between obesity and altered brain function is pre-existing, is secondary to obesity or is attributed to western diet.Current models of obesity...

Brief summary: This study aimed to decipher the pathophysiology of the lower prevalence of diabetic retinopathy observed among youth with T2D who also have severe obesity. None of the several biomarkers assessed was found to be associated with the obesity paradox. The biomarkers included: inflammatory factors, acute phase reactants or cytokines (VEGF, hsCRP, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, homocysteine, adiponectin, E-selectin, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, fibrinogen, and ApoB).<p class="abst...

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2021 Feb;94(2):269–276. doi: 10.1111/cen.14353. PMID: 33098093.Every clinician encounters sometimes tricky incidentalomas, i.e., non-symptom-related imaging findings that are a consequence of increased availability and resolution of radiologic imaging.This study evaluated pediatric pituitary incidentalomas (PIs). Pituitary microadenomas...

BMJ Open. 2020 Dec 24;10(12):e045335. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045335. PMID: 33361084This BMJ review aimed to assess the accuracy of CGM devices to detect hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia in preterm infants. The key take home messages from the BMJ review were that the sensitivity for CGM devices to diagnose and detect hypoglycaemia in preterm infants was poor but the specificity was h...

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2021 Apr 16. Epub ahead of print. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319926. PMID: 33863775.This observational study highlights the potential detrimental long-term effects of neonatal hyperglycaemia on neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely preterm infants, while the benefit of insulin treatment remains unclear.Hyperglycaemia ...

Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Apr 19;4:CD009951. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009951.pub3. PMID: 33870484.In summary, this review did not find certain evidence to support the use of probiotics to reduce the risk of GDM. Only 2 studies suggested a possible reduction in the risk of GDM with probiotics. More importantly, and of concern, the review found a high degree of certainty that th...

Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2021 May 1;527:111218. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111218. PMID: 33636254This study used a high fat and high sucrose diet to generate obese mice. The offspring of these mice showed activation of the unfolding protein response and the heat-shock response in the hypothalamus as early as weaning. This was associated with malformed paraventricular nucleus axonal projections ...

Pediatrics. 2021 Mar 22:e2020023549. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-023549. PMID: 33753543.This retrospective, single center chart review study assessed the incidence of arterial or venous thrombosis during gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) in 611 transgender adolescents. The prevalence of thrombosis risk factors was also investigated. No increased risk of thrombosis was found over a short ...